Julius Caesar - A True Great Man Essay example - 1757 Words

Julius Caesar - A True Great Man Julius Caesar was undoubtedly a man who changed history. His life and its story have inspired generations of awe and scrupulous study. Many would argue he is the most influential man in recorded history. However, can the great Caesar truly be declared a ‘event-making man’, according to the criteria of the Great Man Theory? Did he truly influence the course of history through his own extraordinary acts of will and leadership? Or was he simply a fortunate man who appeared in the right place at the right time, being only the pawn of a greater scheme? By following and exploring the political ideals and abilities of Caesar, as well as his military ability and prowess, this essay hopes to clearly†¦show more content†¦From his birth in 99 BCE, on the 11th day of the month Quinctilus, which would later be renamed after him to July, he was an ambitious and outgoing man. It should be noted also, that he was not born into a family of incredible prestige, nor was he heir to any particular position of great importance. He was a member of the nobility, yet no more. All that he gained, he did so through his own acts of will and ambition. At an early age, he attempted to gain political power by speaking in the public Forum. This action resulted in failure for the time being, yet this defeat inspired him to study under the great Apollonius, in order to increase his eloquence of speech. Caesar immediately recognized the importance of speech, and what role it would play in his destiny. In the future, Caesar would give many speeches to the people, and gain their affection by expending great amounts of wealth in large feasts and parties. As his popularity grew, he rose in rank and eminence as well. Through these conscious decisions, Caesar was slowly plotting the overthrow of the Republic, and saw these small victories as the foundation of his future greatness3. As his career advanced, Caesar passed through many increasingly important positions of power in the government, such as second orator, and Praetor of Rome (the chief civil magistrate). In Cadiz, a city in Spain, Caesar encountered a statue of Alexander at the Great in the temple ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Julius Caesar951 Words   |  4 PagesEarly life Julius Caesar was born on July 13, 100 B.C. Though he was a descendent of the oldest patrician family, Julius Caesar grew up in a very poor district of Rome called Subura. As a child, he studied martial arts, history, and law (â€Å"Julius Caesar†). At the age of seventeen, Julius married Cornelia, the daughter of Luciussulla, who was a dictator of Rome. Because Luciussulla did not approve of the marriage, he tried to force the two to divorce, but they both refused. Julius Caesar studiedRead MoreHistory : Genghis Khan, Julius Caesar, And Alexander The Great919 Words   |  4 Pageshroughout history, Genghis Khan, Julius Caesar, and Alexander the Great are successful conquerors in history. Genghis Khan a tyrant and a bloodthirsty villain during his period he conquered more territory than any other leader in history. Julius Caesar a great general that ever lived, he also knew how to elevate money for festivals and gifts. Lastly, Alexander the Great is a person who conquer ed many territories, had a large empire, formed the Hellenistic culture, and became very successful. E.HRead MoreGaius Cassius Longinu Part in the Assissination of Julius Ceasar797 Words   |  3 PagesCassius, full name Gaius Cassius Longinus, was recalled as a good soldier with a terrible temper and in politics, irrational and drowned by vanity. In his time he was a Roman senator, also known by his part-taking in the assassination of Julius Caesar. In his early years, he studied philosophy under Archelaus, and was fluent in Greek. His wife, Junia Tertia was the half-sister of co-conspirator Brutus. Cassius served under Crassus, He took part in saving Remnants of the Roman army against theRead MoreJulius Caesar: The Quintessence of a Tragic Hero1156 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is the illustration of the demise of many respectable men. Typical of a tragedy, one character of high social standing experiences numerous downfalls brought on by a character flaw. This character is eventually brought to his or her knees by the misery and sorrow brought upon by these mistakes. It is at this point that the character realizes their flaws and changes their outlook. In Shakespeare’s tragedy, the tragic hero is Julius Caesar. In the play, ShakespeareRead MoreEssay on Power of Jealousy in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar963 Words   |  4 PagesJealousy in William Shakespeare ’s Julius Caesar Brutus, the noblest Roman of them all (Julius Caesar,5.5.68) is the only innocent conspirator, according to Marcus Antonius. This tragedy presents the epitome of jealousy, along with envy, greed, and avarice. It is a true story based on Plutarchs Life of Julius Caesar. Several of the major players are struck by jealousy and greed -- certainly Cassius, who begins this evil conspiracy to assassinate Caesar out of personal jealousy, but needsRead MoreJulius Caesar the True Tragic Hero1526 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle once said â€Å"A man doesn’t become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.† These words best describe what a â€Å"Tragic Hero† is and both Julius Caesar and Brutus displayed this characteristic, so the question is â€Å"Who is the real tragic hero in this story?† This paper shall explore the reasons behind why each man is considered a hero in his own right and who the rightful owner to the title of the play truly belongs to. There have been countless tragic heroes in the works ofRead MoreWhy Is Brutus Justified In Killing Julius Caesar787 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar, the main character, Julius Caesar is made out to be an ambitious and arrogant dictator in Rome. He is surrounded by childhood friends, including his best friend and murderer, Brutus. Brutus is manipulated by Cassius, a roman senator and part of the conspiracy, into believing romans want Julius Caesar dead, so they form a conspiracy to kill Caesar. Although, the Romans say Brutus is honorable, Brutus is not justified in killing Julius Caesar because the conspiracyRead MoreLeadership and Julius Caesar1488 Words   |  6 Pagesimagination who makes dreams come true. They provide a backbone in society, helping to plan what is to come in the future that would be most beneficial. Without a leader that has the qualities of a visionary, no civilization has a bright future. Julius Caesar, Roman general- turned-ruler, was a historical visionary who fit Warren Bennis’ description of a leader. Possibly one of the most well-known Roman figures, Caesar extensively pushed Rome to one of its best eras, despite Caesar himself having a bit of aRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book One Bad Apple Spoils The Bunch 1744 Words   |  7 PagesWhile this statement is true of fruits, it is better applied to the people who live around us. Adolf Hitler was a great example of a â€Å"rotten apple† of humanity. As Hitler took power, he quickly spread his rotten seed of influence all around the country, sculpting Germany into his own ruthless image. William Shakespeare may have died long before Hitler ever existed, but he too knew the effects of a rotten apple. In his play, Julius Caesar, Shakespeare shows how one jealous man, Caius Cassius, changesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Prince And Julius Caesar1317 Words   |  6 Pagestranslation of Niccolo Machiavelli’s ‘The Princeà ¢â‚¬â„¢ (1532) and William Shakespeare’s historical tragedy ‘Julius Caesar’ (1599). The values and attitudes of these two texts anticipated responders and influenced purpose, form and content such as the darker aspects of humanism, the changeless nature of man, and the fickle nature of people. Machiavelli’s text ‘The Prince’ mirrors the darker aspects of humanism – man is essentially corrupt, self-serving and deceptive . His intended responders were a select of people

The Global Financial Crisis and Its Impact - 1820 Words

1.0 The Global Financial Crisis and Its Impact The recent Global Financial Crisis (GFC) initially began with the collapse of credits and financial markets, which caused by the sub-prime mortgage crisis in the US in 2007. The sub-prime mortgages were given to high-risk lenders (with bad credit history) who were in danger of defaulting, which eventually caused a global credit crunch, where the banks were unwilling to lend to each other. In October 2008, the collapse of the major financial institutions and the crash of stock markets marked the peak of this global economic slowdown (Euromonitor International, 2008). Although the origin of the GFC might have been the housing and financial crisis in the US, it affected both developed and†¦show more content†¦Moreover, if the interest rate maintains its position, the output would decrease even further (Chhabra, 2009). 3.2 Unconventional Monetary Policy Despite that many countries had reduced their interest rate to the lowest possible, a number of unconventional monetary policy have also been applied to face the challenges of the GFC. Quantitative easing and credit easing are the tools of unconventional monetary policy (Ashworth, 2013). Quantitative Easing Under conventional monetary policy, central banks try to boost economies indirectly through cutting interest rates. Quantitative easing occurs when an interest rate has reached its lowest, the central bank decides to increase the size of its reservation to purchase securities from private and public sectors. It forced the interest rate to stay downward and thereby the prices stay high. For the purposes of increase financial market’s liquidity and generate addition loans, central banks also pumping money directly into the market under quantitative easing policy (Murray, 2009). The Bank of Japan first applied to the theory due to a constant deflation in the economy in the beginning of the 21th century (â€Å"What is Quantitative Easing†, 2013). The quantitative easing of the US began in the late 2008, with the announcement that government would purchase a total value of $600 billion of agency debt from the Government SponsoredShow MoreRelatedGlobal Financial Crisis and Its Impact on India4465 Words   |  18 PagesGLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS AND ITS IMPACT ON INDIA Abstract: The effects of the global financial crisis have been more severe than initially forecast. By virtue of globalization, the moment of financial crisis hit the real economy and became a global economic crisis; it was rapidly transmitted to many developing countries. India too is weathering the negative impact of the crisis. There is, however, an important difference between the crisis in the advanced countries and the developments in IndiaRead MoreUnderstanding the Impact of the Global Financial Crisis2309 Words   |  9 PagesUnderstanding the Impact of the Global Financial Crisis: An Examination of One Companys Performance Indicators Introduction The global financial crisis of the recent past has been the subject of much commentary, investigation, and debate from people around the globe and from all walks of life. Despite the fact that politicians and armchair policy makers have gone round after round in debates regarding the causes and the ultimate effects of this worldwide economic downturn, the real effectsRead MoreThe Impact Of Global Financial Crisis On Global Growth And Movement2074 Words   |  9 Pageshousing bubble in the US burst and a liquidity crisis began, financial markets around the world were sent into mayhem. The global financial crisis (GFC) had begun, and was setting out to be the deepest recession since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The GFC was resultant from unbridled greed by the bankers including the issuing of risky mortgages, the inability of relatively poor consumers to manage their mortgages, inadequate regulation of the financial system, as well as a long term slowing downRead MoreImpacts of Global Financial Crisis on Hrm Policies8256 Words   |  34 PagesWhat is the role of hr in global crisis to retain the talented employees ? http://www.edalys.fr/documents/Stakeholders%20theory.pdf http://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=stakeholder-theory Article - 1 Employees are not the most important asset of the company but the â€Å"right† employees are. Human Resource Management (HRM) plays a strategic role in the survival of an  organization. In this time of global financial crisis, Human Resource (HR) managers must not only innovate but must also act as change agentsRead MoreThe Impact Of Global Financial Crisis On The United States Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Global Financial Crisis, also known as The Great Recession, broke out in the United States of America in the middle of 2007 and continued on until 2008. There were many factors that contributed to the cause of The Global Financial Crisis and many effects that emerged, because the impact it had on the financial system. The Global Financial Crisis started because of house market crash in 2007. There were many factors that contributed to the housing market crash in 2007. These factorsRead MoreThe Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Greece Turkey2832 Words   |  12 Pagesof the Athens 2004 Olympic Games and the completion of the construction of major infrastructure projects, Greece has entered a new promising era.   The perfect organization of above major athletic event, which left an excellent impression with the global community, highlighted the enormous possibilities of the country and proved that Greece has gained the trust of big entrepreneurs on the international mar ket, both in tourism and other areas, and gradually is establishing itself as the ideal choiceRead MoreImpact Of Global Financial Crisis And Emerging Markets7336 Words   |  30 PagesRunning Head: IMPACT OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS (SP 500) AND EMERGING MARKETS (BRIC) 1 IMPACT OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: DEVELOPED (SP 500) AND EMERGING MARKETS (BRIC) 23 Impact of Global Financial Crisis: (SP 500) Emerging Markets (Bric) Name Institution TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE ABSTRACT 3 CHAPTERS CHAPTER 1 – Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2 – Methodology 6 CHAPTER 3 –Literature Review 24 CHAPTER 4 – Analysis and Results 38 CHAPTER 5 –Read MoreThe Impact of Global Financial Crisis on the United Kingdom Essays2342 Words   |  10 PagesThe impact of global financial crisis on the United Kingdom Introduction This report will examine the affects of the global financial crisis, which was a result of the collapse of the sub-prime mortgage market in the United States, on the UK economy. First of all, it will look at the background of the global financial crisis. Secondly, this paper will analyses why the UK economy has been influenced by the global financial crisis, what effects of the financial crisis on the United Kingdom haveRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of 2008-10 And Its Impact On The Financial Health Of The Institutions999 Words   |  4 Pages The Global financial crisis has been described as the worst financial crisis after the Great Depression of the 1930’s. This was a Financial Crisis and affected terribly the banks of the United States of America. The banks during this time had low capital base and suffered from a serious liquidity crunch. Leveraging was very common at this time. This increased financial instability of the banks called for major changes in the financial regulations by the government. This essay will discuss theRead MoreEssay on The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Economic Growth4072 Words   |  17 PagesEconomic growth The impact of the Global Financial Crisis on economic growth As a result of the global recession, Australia’s GDP was forecasted to contract by 0.5% in 2009-10 in comparison to other advanced economies which were expected to contract by 3.75% in the same year. However minor the reductions in GDP, it was evident that Australia was not exempt from the global recession although is better placed and is expected to perform better than almost all other OECD economies. The global recession has

International Business Emirates Airline organization in Dubai

Question: Discuss about the International Business Emirates Airline organization. Answer: Overview of the firm: Emirates is a Dubai based Airline organization that provides high quality air transport services. It was established in the year of 1985 with the goal of becoming the largest air transport organization of the entire globe. Presently, the employee size of the organization is over 50,000 (emirates.com 2017). It allows Emirates to become the largest airline company present in the Middle East market. Products offerings: The weekly operation program of Emirates includes more than 3,000 flights across 70 countries in more than 140 destinations (Zeffane 2012). The organization has established its branches in all six continents. It has two divisions including Emirates SkyCargo and Emirates Executive for different income group customers. Emirates has also focused on adding value to the provided services by including high quality catering, in-flight entertainment system, information communication entertainment (ICE) for achieving greater success in the market. Current marking situation: Emirates were established in structure and scale as a globally influential tourism organization. The organization has always focused on developing customer friendly services for achieving success in the market. It has also utilized aggressive marketing strategies like sponsorships and advertisements for providing in-depth information to all potential customers regarding the service quality of the organization (Gupta et al. 2012). As a business entity, Emirates has always focused on providing something extra to the customers for achieving service excellence in the market. As a result, it has allowed the organization to establish business in total 152 destinations. In addition, Emirates is looking to enhance its reach even further for achieving greater success in the market. SWOT analysis: Strengths: Emirates possesses strong brand name as one of the biggest airline organization of the entire globe (Noack 2014). The supreme quality of services has allowed emirates to satisfy customers for considerable amount of time. Emirates have already established its presence in all six continents of the globe. Weaknesses: The business structure of Emirates heavily depends on the international traffic moving. Therefore, it has not focused too much on the domestic air transport market, which has allowed other organizations to capture the market. Increasing cost of maintenance is another weakness of Emirates that restricting the profit level somewhat. Opportunities: Emirates have the opportunity to expand its business even further in different countries for enhancing the revenue level even further. It can also focus on improving the quality of fleet and leverage for enhancing the confidence and trust level of the customers even further. Threats: Increasing competition in the airline sector is among the prime threats for Emirates. Organizations like Qatar Airways, Etihad Airways and Jet Airways have also expanded at a rapid rate over the sustain period of time (Goby and Nickerson 2012). Changing rules and regulations of governments in different countries also creates massive threats for Emirates to conduct business internationally. In addition, Emirates have also faced challenges in coping up with the increasing cost of fuels, which can affect the overall profit level in near future. Current segmentation: Emirates have tried to segregate the entire market based on five key factors such as type of traveler, value, motivation, travel pattern, frequency and buying pattern. In type of traveler section, Emirates have focused on assessing whether individuals are leisure traveler, business traveler, religious traveler or others. In value section, Emirates focus on segregating the customers based on willingness to pay (Kemp, Madsen and El-Saidi 2013). It allows Emirates to identify high price customers and low price customers effectively. Motivation factor, Emirates focuses on assessing the reason for people travel decision. It also helps Emirates to identify how frequently people are likely to avail the services of the organization. Finally, it focuses on dividing customers based online and offline purchase pattern. Positioning: The business structure of Emirates has always focused on targeting middle class or upper middle class section for fulfilling business objectives. For that reason, it has always kept the average price level high from other airline organization (McAdam et al. 2013). The business procedure of Emirates has focused on achieving service excellence for keeping the revenue at the expected level. It has also tried to include specific country culture according to the route of flights so that customers can have good time during travel. Suitable countries for business: Bloomberg has named a list of 20 countries as the best emerging markets for Emirates based on the data provided by World Bank and IMF forecast (bloomberg.com 2017). The list was dominated by Asia countries followed by few Lat American and African counties. The top three suitable countries for Emirates business is as follows: China Chile South Africa Out of these countries, Emirates can focus on repositioning itself in the Chinese market, as it represents one of the large markets in the entire globe. Moreover, Chinese government has managed to keep the inflation rate under control, which is likely to create positive impact on the business procedure. Recommendation: Product: Emirates have focused on maintaining mixed fleet in their product portfolio with the Airbuses and Boeing wide body aircraft. It will allow both domestic and international Chinese passengers to avail the service of the company. Moreover, it has focused on providing intangible products like hotel services, holiday package and even car rental, which will definitely help to increase popularity in the Chinese market. Price: Conducting business in Chinese market will allow Emirates to increase the number of weekly international flights even further. As a result, it will allow Emirates to deviate from their premium pricing strategy to somewhat. It has been assessed that Emirates already initiated different steps for utilizing different price level for enhancing the revenue level. Moreover, China will also likely to provide massive domestic market for Emirates for fulfilling business objectives. Place: By repositioning in Chinese market, Emirates can able to enlarge its current fleet size. Moreover, China is among the most popular tourist destinations, as people from different parts of the world visit on regular basis. Hence, it will help Emirates to increase the global network in a huge manner. Promotion: Emirates can use different aggressive marketing strategies for achieving success in the Chinese market. Emirates will have to focus on social media and digital platforms for providing maximum information regarding the services. Moreover, it will also have to focus on using advertisements, promotional campaign and sponsorship programs for fulfilling business objectives. Conclusion: With the delivery of high quality services, Emirates have already achieved major share of the market. Still, it will have to focus on enhancing the service quality with the inclusion of different factors for keeping customers satisfied. It will also have to assess all the external factors related to airline business for countering market related challenges effectively. References: bloomberg.com, 2017.The Top 20 Emerging Markets. [online] Bloomberg.com. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/photo-essays/2013-01-31/the-top-20-emerging-markets [Accessed 7 May 2017]. emirates.com, 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.emirates.com [Accessed 7 May 2017]. Goby, V.P. and Nickerson, C., 2012. Introducing ethics and corporate social responsibility at undergraduate level in the United Arab Emirates: An experiential exercise on website communication.Journal of business ethics,107(2), pp.103-109. Gupta, V.K., Yayla, A.A., Sikdar, A. and Cha, M.S., 2012. Institutional environment for entrepreneurship: evidence from the developmental states of South Korea and United Arab Emirates.Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship,17(03), p.1250013. Kemp, L.J., Madsen, S.R. and El-Saidi, M., 2013. The current state of female leadership in the United Arab Emirates.Journal of Global Responsibility,4(1), pp.99-112. McAdam, R., Keogh, W., Ahmed El Tigani, A. and Gardiner, P., 2013. An exploratory study of business excellence implementation in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) public sector: management and employee perceptions.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,30(4), pp.426-445. Noack, S., 2014.Business Guide: Doing Business in Dubai the United Arab Emirates: Start Your Business Now!. BoDBooks on Demand. Zeffane, R., 2012. Gender and youth entrepreneurial potential: evidence from the United Arab Emirates.International Journal of Business and Management,8(1), p.60.

THE FORCD MARRIAGE Essay Example For Students

THE FORCD MARRIAGE Essay A monologue from the play by Aphra Behn NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Works of Aphra Behn, Vol. 3. Ed. Montague Summers. London: Heinemann, 1915. PISARO: Sir, you are of so strange a jealous Humour,And I so strangely jealous of your Honour,That twixt us both we may make work enough;But on my Soul I know no wrong you have.Sir, Im in earnest, you have gaind that Heart,For which I have receivd so many wounds;Venturing for Trophies where none durst appear,To gain at my Return one single smile,Or that she would submit to hear my story:And when sh has said, twas bravely done, Pisaro,I thought the Glory recompensd the Toil;And sacrificd my Laurels at her feet,Like those who pay their first-fruits to the Gods,To beg a blessing on the following Crop:And never made her other signs of Love,Nor knew I that I had that easy flame,Till by her Eyes I found that she was mortal,And could love too, and that my Friend is you.Alcippus, hadst thou seen her, whilst the PriestWas giving thee to fair Erminia,What languishment appeard upon her Eyes,Which never were removd from thy lovd Face,Through which her melting Soul in drops distilld,As if she mea nt to wash away thy Sin,In giving up that Right belongd to her,Thou hadst without my aid found out this truth:A sweet composure dwelt upon her looks,Like Infants who are smiling whilst they die;Nor knew she that she wept, son unconcerndAnd freely did her Soul a passage find;Whilst I transported had almost forgotThe Reverence due t her sacred self and Place,And every moment ready was to kneel,And with my lips gather the precious drops,And rob the Holy Temple of a Relick,Fit only there t inhabit.My Lord, I knew not that I was a Lover;I felt no flame, but a religious Ardour,That did inspire my Soul with adoration;And so remote I was from ought but such,I knew not Hope, nor what it was to wishFor other blessings than to gaze upon her:Like Heaven I thought she was to be possessd,Where carnal Thoughts can no admittance find;And had I not perceivd her Love to you,I had not known the nature of my flame:But then I found it out by Jealousy,And what I took for a Seraphick motion,I now decline as criminal and earthly. We will write a custom essay on THE FORCD MARRIAGE specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Face

Face Thesis It is argued in this paper that personal face-to-face communication is better than any other types of communication, particularly in light of engaging with others and observing verbal and non-verbal behavioral styles, occurrence in real-time as opposed to non-synchronized time, and its capacity to provide human contact among communicators Major Sections Introduction Understanding the Superiority of Face-to-Face Communication Capacity to engage with others and observe important verbal and non-verbal behavioral styles during communication Occurs in real-time Provides human closeness and contact among communicators Counterargument refutation Conclusion Introduction In the recent past, owing to advances in technology-oriented forms of communication such as email, mobile phones and short messaging service, the idea that face-to-face communication was increasingly becoming irrelevant had gained much currency.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fa ce-to-Face Communication: Why it is better than Other Types of Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Today, however, many of these predictions regarding the irrelevancy of face-to-face communication in contemporary world have themselves began to fade away as people realize that it is difficult if not impossible to replace face-to-face communication with any other form of communication (Winger 247). It is argued in this paper that personal face-to-face communication is better than any other types of communication, particularly in light of engaging with others and observing verbal and non-verbal behavioral styles, occurrence in real-time as opposed to non-synchronized time, and its capacity to provide human contact among communicators. Understanding the Superiority of Face-to-Face Communication Extant literature demonstrates that face-to-face communication is better than any other types of communication as it provides the capacity to engage with others and observe important verbal and non-verbal behavioral styles during communication (Arvey 6). Many assiduous managers always encourage employees to engage others on a personal level while communicating not only to strengthen organizational culture, but also to spur creativity and innovation (Lightfoot 220). Additionally, communication experts have always stressed the importance of observing verbal and non-verbal cues while communicating to rightfully interpret the meaning of the message being communicated (Lightfoot 219). Lastly, within this context, scholars believe that socially interactive technologies (e.g., Internet, mobile phones, social networking sites and instant messaging) will never act as a replacement for face-to-face communication due to their failure to elicit emotions associated with non-verbal cues (Young 21). Face-to-face communication occurs in real-time, hence is a critical communication tool in situations and contexts where decisions need to b e made quickly (Pierce 1371). Unlike other types of communication which occur in non-synchronized time formats, face-to-face communication ensures that the message is received in the intended context and content (Young 23). Additionally, any clarifications that may be needed are provided in real-time. This is not the case in other forms of communication such as e-mail owing to the fact that the sender may not be there in real-time to provide clarifications to the receiver, leading to ambiguity and misinterpretation of the message (Lightfoot 218). Lastly, due to the fact that face-to-face communication occurs in real-time, communicators put more thought in what they say than they would when communicating using other modes such as email or mobile phones (Lightfoot 223).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third reason deals with the provision of human closeness and conta ct among communicators. Available literature demonstrates that â€Å"being physically close brings into play in a robust way all of the senses: sight, sound, smell and touch† (Winger 248). Moreover, personal face-to-face communication enables humans to achieve the primitive need of contact in line with scientific findings that people are social creatures that should not be allowed to live in isolation (Arvey 6). Lastly, research demonstrates that the human contact occasioned by face-to-face communication provides an enabling environment for people to develop substantial exchange relationships among themselves (Young 25). Of course critics often argue that it is just a matter of time before socially interactive technologies replace face-to-face communication as the dominant mode of communication. Indeed, extant literature demonstrates that â€Å"in 2005, more than 21 million adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 had access to and routinely used the internet† (Pierce 1367). But in view of the many values of face-to-face communication as discussed above, it is difficult to foresee a scenario where this form of communication will ever become irrelevant. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that face-to-face communication will rule the world scene for years due to the stated strengths of engaging with others, employment of verbal and non-verbal behavioral cues, occurrence in real-time, and provision of human contact and closeness among communicators. No any other form of communication can be as clearer and understandable as face-to-face communication. Arvey, Richard D. Why Face-to-Face Business Meetings Matter. n.d. PDF file. Web. Lightfoot, Jay M. â€Å"A Comparative Analysis of E-mail and Face-to-Face Communication in an Educational Environment.† Internet and Higher Education. 9.2 (2006): 217-227. Web. Pierce, Tamyra. â€Å"Social Anxiety and Technology: Face-to-Face Communication versus Technological Communication among Teens.† Computers in Human Behavior. 25.6 (2009): 1367-1372. Academic Search Premier. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Face-to-Face Communication: Why it is better than Other Types of Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Winger, Alan R. â€Å"Face-to-Face Communication: Is it Really Necessary in a Digitalized World?† Business Horizons. 48.2 (2005): 247-253. Web. Young, David P. â€Å"The Relationship between Electronic and Face-to-Face Communication and its Implication for Alternative Workforce Strategies.† Facilities. 13.6 (1995): 20-27. Emerald. Web.

Small Enterprises Women Entrepreneurs in the UAE A Review and Analysis

Small Enterprises Women Entrepreneurs in the UAE A Review and Analysis For a woman, entering the realm of business world is not easy. For the most part, the difficulties concern not the ways in which women prefer to run business, but the way in which women are perceived in the contemporary society, and nowhere is the given issue as obvious as in the UAE.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Small Enterprises: Women Entrepreneurs in the UAE: A Review and Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the fact that the problem of female employees and business people facing gender profiling has been addressed several times and a number of measures have been taken, the issue of gender discrimination in business persists, which means that more drastic methods must be designed. In his article Small enterprises: Women entrepreneurs in the UAE, Haan addresses the issues that businesswomen in the UAE face most often. According to what the author says, â€Å"support for UAE women entrepreneurs h as long been confined to limited assistance for women engaged in traditional, home-based activities† [1]. Therefore, it can be assumed that, by creating several organizations that regulate the relationships among entrepreneurs within the UAE market, businesswomen will be accepted into the UAE business system. However, not only Haan, but also a number of other specialists agree that, with the introduction of such organizations as Center of Arab Women for Training and Research (CATWAR), Gender Entrepreneurship Markets (GEM), Dubai Business Women’s Council (DBWC), and many others, few changes actually happened [2]. It should be kept in mind, though, that Haan’s study was conducted quite a while ago. In a retrospective, a number of things have changed over these ten years, yet the issue concerning women in business remains just as deplorable as it used to be, mostly because the basic initiatives still revolve around introducing agencies that will help regulate the is sue within the market. However, certain changes are definitely worth being mentioned. While the issue regarding women in the UAE business still leaves much to be desired, considerable concessions have been made over the past decade. To start with, the formation of the Khalifa Fund can be considered the stepping stone of female empowerment in business in the UAE. In fact, the given organization can be considered by far the most supportive and efficient of all; being one-of-a-kind project, it provides â€Å"venture capital, training, development, data and consulting services, and even marketing support† [3], which is very impressive. However, financial assistance does not have a tangible impact on the Emirati society and its concept of women in business: â€Å"However, unlike other countries, there is a lack of support targeting female entrepreneurs in UAE† [3].Advertising Looking for article on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another important landmark in the history of women in the UAE business sphere, Masdar Institute has reached considerable results in female empowerment, with â€Å"4 ministers in the current government and 17.5% of the Federal National Council† [4] being women. However, while the organization is striving for the balance of men and women in politics, it seems to omit such an important issue as women in business. At present, it is clear that urgent outside help is needed to set the model for the UAE enterprises to follow. Therefore, comparing the aforementioned establishments with the contemporary initiatives in female entrepreneurship in the UAE, one must admit that the changes that occurred from 2000 to 2013 can hardly be viewed as the Emirati women’s best foot forward. On the one hand, enhancing the basic ideas of business equality is important, yet, as it has been stressed above, more examples from the foreign companies sh ould be introduced. While theoretically, women are free to run business in Emirates, in practice, they face the same blocks that they did several decades ago [5]. Therefore, it is clear that the problems faced by female entrepreneurs in the UAE are not going to disappear in one day. The battle for independence is only starting, and there are a number of prejudices to face. Arguable, the given issue could be solved by dealing with foreign investors, as it has been suggested above, yet for a startup company to attract foreign investors, it is required to have its feet firm on the ground within the UAE market, which, for a company headed by a female leader, is quite problematic. With that being said, it is obvious that the regulations that eliminate the possibility of gender profiling must be provided for the UAE business realm. Khalifa Fund Khalifa Fund was created in 2007 in Abu Dhabi, UAE. The fund was originally intended to help SMEs and encourage the development of small businesse s across the country. Offering to invest in new and promising industrial and service sectors within the Abu Dhabi area, the fun allowed for small business growth. Funded by the government, the organization reflects the attempts of the latter to change the UAE business landscape. In 2012, the organization announced its determination to invest in microbusinesses [6]. However, since recently, the organization has been paying special attention to women in business. In 2013, nearly 30% of $14 m was provided to allow for more options for UAE women in SME. At present, the Khalifa Fund is tackling the issue quite efficiently. However, there is still a long way for the Khalifa Fund to go in order to provide UAE women with the same options as men have in business.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Small Enterprises: Women Entrepreneurs in the UAE: A Review and Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List [1] H. C. Haan (2004). Small enterprises: Women entrepreneurs in the UAE Web. Available: zu.ac.ae/infoasis/modules/mod8/Business/documents/SmallEnterpriseReport.pdf [2] The Center of Arab Women for Training and Research (2007). Women business owners in the United Arab Emirates Web. Available: ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/f8924200488557fcbe94fe6a6515bb18/Women%2BBusiness%2BOwners%2Bin%2BUAE.pdf?MOD=AJPERESCACHEID=f8924200488557fcbe94fe6a6515bb18 [3] C. Hossan, M. Parakandi and H. Saber, â€Å"Entrepreneurial knowledge, preferences and barriers of female business students in the Middle East,† Journal of Business and Policy Research, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 83–99, 2013. [4] Government of Dubai. Dubai women establishment. Dubai, UAE. Web. Available: dwe.gov.ae/data2/English_third_noon.pdf [5] T. Varghese, â€Å"Women empowerment in Oman: A study based on women empowerment index,† Far East Journal of Psychology and Business, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 37–53, 2011. Available: fareastjour nals.com/files/V2N2P3.pdf [6] Khalifa Fund for Enterprise Development. News Web. Available: https://www.khalifafund.ae/En/NewsAndPhotos/News/Pages/news40.aspx

See below Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

See below - Assignment Example hile urban areas did not necessarily grow in terms of number, the size and density of urban areas, especially in the North, grew rapidly in the period immediately following the end of the civil war. This growth was fueled by several sources. Europe had recently faced several major crises, including the Irish Potato Famine (ending 1852, only a decade or before the civil war), fueling continued Irish immigration that continued as family connections were made in the United States. The Revolutions of 1848 caused political strife, as did the collapse of the second French Empire. In short, many Europeans were pushed into immigration seeking a better life, driving the unprecedented growth of American cities. A second notable source of growth for American cities in this period was immigration of black southern Americans. Finally able to move freely, many chose to leave their former slave-masters and seek better jobs in the North. These new urbanized areas incorporated America, becoming one o f America’s first â€Å"melting pots,† as long-standing Americans interacted frequently with new immigrants from the south and Europe. This increased urbanization also had significant economic impacts. American cities, fueled by massive population growth, and seemingly unlimited natural resources, quickly became some of the most productive places in the world. This created a vast amount of wealth, new businesses constantly â€Å"incorporating,† and developing into some of the most powerful institutions in the world. The richest Americans from the â€Å"Gilded Age† were some of the richest people in the history of the world up to this point, and the likes of Rockefeller and his ilk gave this era it’s gilded name. The third prong of incorporation in the United States, racial incorporation, was much less complete than the other two. Laws were set in place theoretically giving black Americans all the rights of to participate completely in the political process, if not fully in

MARKETING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

MARKETING - Essay Example Marketing is not necessarily intrusive always. Marketing through a search engine, for instance, does not disrupt the behavior of the client as opposed to the advertisements that throng newspapers and web pages; in fact search engine marketing promotes non-intrusive marketing as it encourages consumers to search for the advertised product only. However, there is a general resentment towards marketing. This mainly stems from the power of advertisements and its manipulation of customers. The purpose of marketing is to improve the company’s performance by advertising its services or products. Marketers often do that cunningly manipulating the target groups into buying the products. Stealth advertising, i.e. tricking people into using a service by product placements in media that people use widely, is disliked by people since it infringes upon the ethical rights of the consumers and fails to protect their interests. This can be broadcasted on the television or through the Internet on websites and by spam mail. One can see that it is not the marketing concept itself that is creating animosities; rather, it is the way through which the model is being executed that is giving rise to intrusive marketing. For marketing to be effective, it needs to have a customer-focused approach. This is achieved by the close collaboration of the top managerial figures. These managers play a role in promoting marketing by removing any cultural factors that impede organizational coherence and in turn affect the customer-focused marketing strategy. An example of the relationship between marketing and the authorities is the organization International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The IEC has a Council Board, made of top executive managers, which oversees and supervises all marketing strategies and regulates quality standards. There is a disparity in marketing theory and in marketing practice today. This is primarily due to the shift in marketing Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words Marketing - Essay Example The address of Coventry Business School is at the William Morris Building in the central campus. â€Å"The building was established in 1916. William Morris bought it in 1923 for manufacturing car engines† (Rhodes et al., May 2004). It has been acquired by the university about a decade ago, its top two floors had been destroyed by a fire explosion in 1964. These were rebuilt and the whole space refurbished to include computer labs, lecture theatres and specialist post-graduate teaching facilities (The Independent, 17 Dec. 2006). Now, it is the largest business school in Europe. The school has over 4,000 students and they come from around 40 countries to study in various programs of the school. â€Å"Coventry Business School was established in 1989 and students prior to this date were studying in the Faculty of Business† (Coventry University Business). The courses offered by the faculty were legal studies, economics, business and management studies. The School initially o ffered courses in economics, business studies, business administration, leisure management and general management. Among the courses offered to various students, the first was the business administration. The present Vice Chancellor of the institution is Professor Madeleine Atkins. Coventry Business School always maintain an excellent communication with different reputed universities of the world and with national and international organization; such as, Ford, Cable and Wireless, Jaguar, Nokia, Peugeot, major banks and the National Health Service etc. and also with different universities in the world. Consequently, students can simultaneously avail both the opportunities of working as well as studying in CBS which is an active member of the Network of International Business Schools. â€Å"The Network of International Business Schools (NIBS) is a group of business schools from around the world which

Coffee delight Essay Example for Free

Coffee delight Essay I agree with Lisa’s view to a certain extent that the marketing budget is the most important component in the marketing plan. Harry has set a market objective of two million subscribers by 2015; a target that is very ambitious to achieve a fifth of the forecasted market share which is seen as very unrealistic with a basic marketing budget and Robert media plc will need to do a higher proportion on research than normal which will cost a lot more than usual. Another reason why the marketing budget is so important is that Roberts’s media is changing from print format to digital as they seek to achieve their object of increasing ROCE to 8%. Digital media is a new market for the business and therefore will need extensive research to see what the target markets’ needs and wants are. Although the marketing department had previously won awards for the way it promoted print magazines, but was concerned that the new technology would require a very different approach. As digital is completely different to print media, it obviously needs research conducted. However, Harry is being stubborn and dismissive stating that the marketing budget is un-important and will not provide additional funds. This could therefore mean that the businesses target the wrong people and that their objective to increase the ROCE to 8% could be dented and un-applicable. The rivals of Roberts media plc are already one step ahead of the business as they were already launching their own digital magazines within the next sic months and had already started their marketing campaign. This will have a big effect on the Roberts media as their targeted customers are already being targeted by rivals which could therefore mean fewer sales in the future. As the business is behind its rivals, a big promotional campaign will be needed in order to attract potential customers away from rivals. A big promotional campaign will require a big marketing budget but is what is needed in order to out beat its competitors in the race for customers. However, I agree with Harry not to provide addition funds to the marketing budget as the financial situation of the business is not very stable at this moment in time. The return on capital has fallen from 10% to 2% meaning that it will not be wisely to invest as it’s not really worth it to invest. Along with the poor state of ROCE, the current ratio is also in a bad state fallen from 1. 5:1 to 0. 5:1. This means for every 50p of current assets the business had ? 1 of liability. Having such a poor financial position will rupture the finance available and will need to use the scares finance available wisely. To conclude, I certainly agree with Lisa that the business’s marketing budget is the most important feature on the marketing plan. This major change from print to digital will cost a lot and will be in need of a big marketing budget to be successful. Also, Roberts media is already behind its rivals on its marketing and therefore will need something big to attract customers. Finally, Harry has set a very ambitious objective and therefore it will need a big marketing budget to be able to fulfil its purpose. Although the financial state of the business is poor, harry will need to help its marketing team and provide which they feel what is needed as the long run.

Freud’s Structure of the Mind Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Pap

Freud’s Structure of the Mind At the age of 40 in 1896, Sigmund Freud introduced the world to a new term- psychoanalysis (Gay 1). Psychoanalysis is a method of treating patients with different nervous problems by involving them in dialogues which provide the physician with insight into the individual’s psyche. These dialogues provided the basis for Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, which â€Å"attempts to explain personality, motivation, and psychological disorders by focusing on the influence of early childhood experiences, on unconscious motives and conflicts, and on the methods people use to cope with their sexual and aggressive urges† (Weiten 363). Part of this theory involves the structure of the mind. This is a concept that touches on human nature itself and attempts to explain the motives behind human behavior. Freud described the mind as a â€Å"tripartite model,† a construction consisting of three different elements (Internet Encyclopedia). The first element is the id, which operates exclusively on the unconscious level. Biological urges, such as the urge to eat, sleep and have sex, drive the id. The id demands that its urges be satisfied immediately. Wayne Weiten, author of Psychology: Themes and Variations, writes that â€Å"The id engages in primary-process thinking, which is primitive, illogical, irrational, and fantasy oriented† (364). The second part of the mind is the ego, which operates on the subconscious and conscious levels. The ego is the element that â€Å"engages in secondary-process thinking, which is relatively rational, realistic, and oriented toward problem solving† (Weiten 364). The ego seeks to satisfy the id, but it also operates according to society’s rules, customs, and regulations of conduct and take... ...e is featured in either German of English. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/f/freud.htm#The%20Theory%20of%20the%20Unconscious This site provides a description of the tripartite model Freud developed of the mind. It gives a brief description of the elements of this construct and describes the way these elements interact. Finally, the site discusses the defense mechanisms Freud believed were employed to deal with these conflicting elements. Works Cited Gay, Peter. â€Å"Time 100 Polls- Psychoanalyst: Sigmund Freud.† Time.com. http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/freud.html Oct. 5, 2002. â€Å"Neuroses and the Structure of the Mind.† Internet Encyclopedia. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/f/freud.htm#The%20Theory%20of%20the%20Unconscious Oct. 5, 2002. Weiten, Wayne. Psychology: Themes and Variations. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Group, 2002.

Child with Autism Essay

There are many books out there relative to the matter of Autism, but I have to say that â€Å"Ten Things Every Child with Autism Wishes You Knew† is a the must read for my parents and my colleagues at work, that’s why I chose it for this assignment. Summary This book is an expansion of a successful article that Ellen Notbohm published in 2005. She used the same title. Ellen is a mother of two special needs children, one with autism and the other one with ADHD; however this book is written from the perception of an individual with autism. This is not a long book. It has only ten chapters and is about 130 pages, including the preface and the introduction, called in this book as, â€Å"It begins†. In this part of the book, â€Å"It begins†, the author tries to convince families and caregivers who are dealing with autism, to see it not like a disease. Ellen wants people to help their children to live with it, not to teach them to suffer for something that the children can not even control or they may not even know about. After this introduction, we found that each chapter can be described like a handbook. Each of the ten chapters has just a few bits of information about the common problems that a child with autism presents. However, when you finish reading the book, you will find that this information all together is a complete and trustful story encyclopedia that can help parents, teachers and many other professionals who work with ASD individuals a young age. In the first chapter, the wish is that people may be able to understand that she or he is just a child that needs love, patience, and help. I’m â€Å"autistic†; I’m not a label, I’m just a child. Going beyond with this marvelous book we found how the sensory issues are the reason of many behavior problems. Behavior doesn’t appear from nowhere, an incomprehensible and unexpected behavior has a sensory cause. Ellen advises parents and caregivers to think and reconsider about their beliefs. She also made some suggestions that can help us to identify and work around the child’s sensory structure. Meltdowns, the well-known meltdowns. These are also addressed in this book. Ellen describes the four trigger clusters, sensory overload, physical/physiological, emotional, and poor examples from adults. She indicates the way to identify their causes as well. She makes us to stop thinking or saying that â€Å"she/he won’t† to analyze and identify what is causing the behavior. Visual learners, this is explained in chapter four. This chapter tells us how these children are concrete learners, and visual thinkers. She also illustrates how verbal communication doesn’t make any sense to these children, by given some examples that she calls common snags. She reminds us that we have to help these children by developing a functional way that she/he can use to express their needs, wants, feelings, fears, etc. If they don’t know how to communicate they will find the way to let us know, which can be expressed with any variety of behaviors. Some techniques are also provided in this book, to help these children to develop or improved social interaction and the formation of self esteem. Ellen, who is talking in this book as a child, reminds parents and caregivers that he/she is trying his/her best with his/her poor and limited social skills. Ellen describes her feels when her son was diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. She pictures her emotions and thoughts, and her continued fight with her hopelessness. Ellen finishes the book by saying that it didn’t take long to realize she wouldn’t change her son in any aspect even if she could. â€Å"I wouldn’t have him be anything other than exactly what he is†. Relationship between the book and CEC Standards of the course The relationship between this book â€Å"Ten Things Every Child with Autism Wishes You Knew† and the standards for professional educators, CEC, can begin with Standard One, that states how the â€Å"special educators use this knowledge as a ground upon which to construct their own personal understandings†. This book provides valuable information that can help teachers who work with ASD students to get a better idea of their world, and gather this information to build strategies or interventions that will help these children to develop or increase skills that will lead to improvement of their lives. Standard Nine, which addresses the engagement in professional and learning activities with families, colleagues, and activities that will lead to a professional growth, have a relationship with this book, because even though this book is more like a personal reflection from a mother of a child with autism, the book offers with details a full description of the primary problems that every child with autism has to face every day. The information provided in this book is helping educators to obtain knowledge and develop understanding of those incomprehensible and unexpected behaviors that many children with autism have. The last standard and the most important: Standard Ten which emphasizes â€Å"collaboration with families, other educators, related service providers, and personnel from community agencies in culturally responsive ways†, collaboration that can help to address the needs of the students. The collaboration can be practiced by sharing this book with parents, teachers, therapists, etc. As I mentioned in my introduction the information provided by the author can be considered as a handbook. Therefore by sharing this book with them, the special educator can be seen as a resource that is facilitating information to parents across settings and services. Professional practice with parents of ASD children My professional growth as a special educator has been impacted by this book enormously. Last school year when I was transferred to Redondo Elementary, although I have a background as a Special Educator, I didn’t know about autism at all. As a result I found myself desperately trying to find information that will help me to understand autism. One of my colleagues recommended this book and I purchased it immediately. I will say that Standard One is reflecting on my professional growth, because, when I read this book, I found the answer to many questions such as: Why is it that she/he claps? Why is it that she/he spins around? , etc. Knowledge that I apply to my teaching every day. Standard Nine reflects on my professional growth because, after reading this book, I am more â€Å"aware of how their own and others attitudes, behaviors, and ways of communicating can influence my practice†. Now I am able to understand more the culture of autism, and I’m also feeling more perceptive about my students’ needs and parents’ concerns. Standard Ten, which is always the most important for my â€Å"collaboration†. I like to extend an invitation to all my parents during my open house or family nights that we have at my school to read this book. I also like to extend an invitation to my parents to come and see me if they are having difficulties with their child at home, so we can work together to implement an intervention to address that particular problem. I would like to finish with this personal account book review/reflection sharing my favorite quotation of this book. â€Å"Patience. Patience. Patience. Work to view my autism as a different ability rather than disability†.

Quest for Manhood Malcolm X Essay

Manhood is when a boy takes the leap from being a child to a true man. People say that leap happens at different times for every boy. People can tell it happens because they stop acting foolishly and deal with matters by themselves. The four stories The Autobiography of Malcolm X, â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†, â€Å"The Man Who Killed a Shadow†, and â€Å"Almos’ a Man† all deal with African American boys and them becoming true men. The literature of Richard Wright and Malcolm X illustrate how African American males encountered much difficulty in asserting their manhood while living within the racist society of the 1930’s and 1940’s. Racism denied African American males the opportunity to gain economic power. In â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†, the young African American boy gets a job in a factory. He works with white men and wants to learn more. One day he is told that the factory is â€Å"a white man’s work†¦and [he] better watch [him] self! † (241) The white men feel he is threatening their job even though he is just trying to support his family. They threaten him and make him quit his job. Unlike the young boy who already has a job, Malcolm X moves to Boston to search for a new job. During Malcolm X, Malcolm decides his life would be better if he moves in with his sister. He was walking through the city and noticed these people were â€Å"only a big city version of those successful Negro bootblacks and janitors back in Lansing† (42). Janitors and bootblacks were considered successful jobs for African Americans where that job for a white man would be around middle to lower class. Blacks don’t even have a chance at a good job like a lawyer or doctor. â€Å"The Man with a Shadow† is about an African American man growing up in life. He is working as a janitor and his boss has legs spread wide open and her panties showing. He is embarrassed and refuses to clean under her desk. The boss becomes angry and screams, â€Å"‘You’re being paid to clean, You black nigger†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (232). The black man feels real embarrassed and gets yelled at for not cleaning the same area again. He feels as if he is being treated like a slave. Also being called the N word is real offensive for African Americans. He has to quit because he accidentally killed the librarian. Economic power is one step in leading men to manhood, but exercising one’s freedom is also an important step. Racism prevented African American males from exercising their autonomy. In â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†, the young African American boy has a job and is making a delivery. He is on his back to the store when â€Å"a police car, swerving toward [him], jammed [him] into the curbing† (244). Blacks in this time period were treated unfairly. He is just trying to do his job and even the cops wouldn’t let blacks exercise their own independence. Whites put fear into blacks in all different kinds of settings during this time period, from work places to social settings. During Malcolm X, Malcolm is in a theatre watching a show. When the show started, Malcolm â€Å"was the only Negro in the theatre†¦[and] felt like crawling under a rug† (33). People go to theatres all the time and shouldn’t be forced to feel uncomfortable while in them. Malcolm wants to watch the show, but since the country was so racist and he was the only black, he felt weird and wanted to leave. Later on in the book, Malcolm is thinking about what he wanted to do for his job. â€Å"Lansing certainly had no negro lawyers or doctors,† something he may have wanted to be (38). He wants to be successful in life, but as he recalls there are zero lawyers or doctors in Lansing. This quote shows that because of race alone, blacks can’t use their autonomy and get a job they aspire to be. Finding their independence was hard enough, but trying to protect each other was even harder. Racism would not allow African American males to defend themselves or others. The young boy in â€Å"The Ethics of a Living Jim Crow† is at a store working when an old woman gets beat. â€Å"They would not beat me if I knew enough to keep my mouth shut† even though they beat that old black lady (243). The white workers beat an old black lady for not paying her bill. He could not defend the old lady because he knew the whites would hurt him if I tried to help her. Later on in the story, a security guard slaps a fellow black female employee on the butt. The African American man feels embarrassed for letting his friend get slapped on the butt. The employee who got slapped says, â€Å"‘Don’t worry, you couldn’t help it†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (246). This quote shows that blacks had no chance to defend others because if they did, the whites would just beat them even more. The girl knows they can’t do anything about it and tells him not to worry. From white security guards to racist groups such as the KKK, whites could do basically whatever they want to do to blacks at this time. At the very beginning of Malcolm X, the KKK is at Malcolm’s house. They were surrounding the house, â€Å"brandishing their shotguns and rifles† (1). The KKK is around the house with weapons wanting Malcolm’s father to leave town. He had no way to defend himself because they had all weapons. Many people and organizations in town, and even the police are corrupt and don’t like the blacks. Part of being a man is defending others and the whites would not let them do this at this time. The four stories show how black males had different obstacles to overcome in gaining their manhood while living in the racist society during the mid 1900’s. The boys in all the stories had problems they encountered on their way to finding their manhood. They couldn’t gain economic power, exercise their autonomy, or defend themselves and others. The 30’s and 40’s were a bad time for African Americans to live in, but as the years have gone on, minorities have gained more rights in America. With the help of groups such as the NAACP, blacks have more rights than ever. Barack Obama, the United States President and Tiger Woods, the world’s most popular athlete are both examples of how far African Americans have come.

Workmans comp is it worth it essays

Workmans comp is it worth it essays Do You Know Your Rights? Or Are You A Victim Of Workers Compensation! If you think the Workers Compensation insurance carrier is your friend, you are mistaken; you are just a Number to them. If you do not follow the correct steps, you can easily become the victim of Workers Compensation. Know your rights; get informed so you do not become a victim. Obtain a Lawyer and follow their advice because this could be your life; never think this cant happen to you because it could at any time. So be prepared. This is my experience. I got hurt on the job and I sought emergency medical treatment. You think everything is going to be ok, the results are in and you find out that you have a severe back injury, and you will be unable to return to work until you seek further treatment and Physical Therapy. You are confident that your medical bills will be taken care of and you will be paid for the time you are off from work. Should you be this confident, you would like to think so. You receive your first check only to find out you have only been paid 2/3 of your pay. Meanwhile you are still in pain and can not return to work yet. You keep seeking treatment and follow all your Doctors orders but you are progressing slowly. Then you receive a letter in the mail ordering you to see one of the Workers Compensations Doctors. The letter claims if you do not agree to see their Doctor your benefits will be revoked. So you oblige them and do as you are ordered, even though Workers Compensation is not too friendly anymore. You see Workers Compensations Doctor and he tells you that you still have an injury and that you are not completely healed. The Doctor orders an MRI and the tests reveal a few herniated disks that still are not healing. You bring the MRI (X-ray) to your Doctor and they want to refer you to a Specialist because of the slow improvements. While you are waiting ...

Electronics essays

Electronics essays This project requires us to design and build a circuit that generates specified functions on the oscilloscope, as given on the project description. Also, we were required to design a means of selecting different frequencies and different amplitudes. This was especially difficult because the selection had to be made directly from the breadboard. For the final part of the lab, we were to draw the graphs we obtained to show how the various functions were generated digitally. The results we got were very sound. We were able to generate all of the minimum requirements (a square wave and ramp wave). Also, we were able to generate the waves that would give us extra credit (a triangle wave and approximations to a sine wave). We also discovered a way to easily vary frequency and amplitude. This experiment uses four operational amplifiers (opamps) to deliver these waveforms in the 6 Hz to 7000 Hz range. The sine wave is a pseudo sine wave produces by a very simple wave shaping circuit. A digital counter can be used along with a DAC to generate analog voltage functions of time such as square wave and ramp wave. In this lab, we were to design and build a circuit that generates an analog square wave and a saw-tooth (ramp) wave of voltage, using a counter and DAC/. While working on this project, we thought of alternatives that would increase efficiency. An alternative we considered was to switch to a different project. This was thought about when we were having trouble with the implementation of the circuit. However, we decided to stick with this project. We decided this because we had already put in much thought and work into this particular project. Also, we decided to use flip-flops to simplify the circuit. Square, sine and triangle waves are produced using an LM348 and passive components. The LM348 is a quad operational amplifier IC package; that is, it contains four separate opamps all in the one IC. They are marked A, B, C & D in the...

Product Safety and Product Liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Product Safety and Product Liability - Essay Example The creation and development of a legal regulatory environment conducive to business and e-business is central to the improvement of trade among the E.U members. Currently, the Lisbon Agenda of â€Å"making the E.U the world’s most competitive and dynamic knowledge based economy by 2010† was already under threat because trade barriers to the development of general business and e-business had not been effectively removed. Because of this, many of the European Union’s businesses operate within an e-business environment that is full of legal uncertainties and legal impediments to the take up of e-business. Central to these legal uncertainties is the product liability directives enshrined in the Rome II regulations. The Rome II regulations, though credited for opening up trans-border trade, have also been a source of criticism for the uncertainties they have caused in respect to the choice of law applicable in trans-border product liability cases. The dominant view in this argument is that the Rome II regulations on product liabilities invade the â€Å"country of origin† principle that was more customized to allow the growth of business. Instead, the Rome II Regulation adopt the â€Å"country of reception† principle which is damaging to the security of business in the E.U. this paper will therefore look at the problems producers and businesses may face in respect of the Rome II regulations and their impacts on the businesses across the E.U members.

International Sustainable Tourism Management 2 Essay

International Sustainable Tourism Management 2 - Essay Example Current paper focuses on a particular form of tourism, the community based tourism as developed in countries internationally. Agencies and the local communities have extensively supported the particular type of tourism; however, its effectiveness is often doubted. The level of effectiveness of community-based tourism worldwide is the main subject of this paper; reference is also made to issues related to the above subject – as the types and the scope of community based tourism but also the challenges that this form of tourism faces in countries globally. 2. Community based tourism – main aspects In order to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of community based tourism it would be necessary to understand primarily the context of this form of tourism – a form that is standardized internationally. In accordance with a relevant report, the community-based tourism can be characterized as ‘the form of tourism in which local residents (often rural, poor and e conomically marginalised) invite tourists to visit their communities with the provision of overnight accommodation’ (Responsible Travel, 2011). ... rily separately for each visitor, a community-based telephone would be adequate) but also an accommodation that has certain standards (meaning the conditions of living that do not put the health of the visitors in risk), c) travelers need to be aware of the challenges of the particular form of tourism; in the context of community-based tourism visitors are expected to support people in the local community; it is meant that visitors will be possibly asked to be involved in tasks related to ‘the protection of the environment or of the cultural heritage’ (Sustainable Tourism, 2001). The relationship between the community-based tourism and specific social obligations, mostly the protection of the environment is emphasized in the study of Byrd (2007) who noted that ‘sustainability has become an important topic and concept in relation to tourism planning and development’ (Byrd 2007, 6); however, the participation of the stakeholders in the relevant projects is set by Byrd as a prerequisite for their success (Byrd 2007). The concept of the community-based tourism is explained in the literature using various approaches; in accordance with Beeton (2006) the community-based tourism focuses on ‘the creation of a more sustainable tourism industry, focusing on the host community in terms of planning and maintaining tourism development’ (Beeton 3006, 50). On the other hand, Spenceley (2008) refers to the community – based tourism as a tool for promoting sustainability but also ‘for achieving various socio-economic benefits’ (Spenceley 2008, 310) – it is assumed that reference is made to the economic developing of the local communities that support the relevant activities. From another point of view, Moscardo (2008) note that the development of the community-based

A Synthesis of Current Literacy Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A Synthesis of Current Literacy Theories - Essay Example As a result, many scholars have different views on the concept of literacy, which leaves the common person more confused. Indeed, although the term ‘literacy’ is seemingly easier to understand by everybody, it has unfortunately proved to be complex and dynamic concept to interpret or even define. As such, we have many educational theorists, scholars, and newspaper editors defining the concept literacy. In the ancient times, literacy only referred to the ability of a person to read and write at an adequate level of proficiency that would enable them to communicate with others (TakingITGlobal, 2012). However, in the recent times, there is no mutually satisfactory measure of what adequate literacy means. As such, this paper will refer to various scholarly sources in addressing the various theories of literature, the issues that relate to literacy, and an analysis of literacy. Additionally, the paper will elaborate, synthesise, and analyse various perspectives on literacy. F urthermore, the paper will discuss the implications of the application of these perspectives to learning in vocational education and training centres. More so, the paper will analyse the various ways that teachers and trainers can apply the concept of literacy to learning in vocational education and training. Some scholars refer to literacy, as the quality or state of being literate or simply being able to read and write. On the other hand, others associate literacy with creative writing or just having knowledge or competence. Moreover, other educational theorists introduce the aspect of visual literacy in understanding the concept of literacy. As such, they relate visual literacy to the ability to recognize and understand ideas conveyed through visible actions or images. However, according to the National Institute for Literacy, The Workforce Investment Act of 1998 defines literacy as â€Å"an individual's ability to read, write, speak in English, compute, and solve problems at le vels of proficiency necessary to function on the job, in the family of the individual and in society†Ã‚  (Valenzuela,2002). Additionally, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization thinks there is more to literacy than just being a set of technical skills of reading, writing, and calculating (United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe, 2012). We may need to consider the factors that influence the multiple understandings of this concept. Notably, academic research, institutional agendas, national context, cultural values, and personal experiences influence individuals understanding on the concept of literacy. Indeed, there are four discrete understandings of literacy that include literacy as an autonomous set of skills, literacy as text, literacy as a learning process, and literacy as applied, practised and situated (Education for All Global Monitoring Report, 2006).The four understandings significantly incorporate almost all theore tical understandings of literacy. However, the most common understanding of literacy is as a set of cognitive skills that involve reading, writing, and oral skills. However, it is worth noting that despite the multiple definition of literacy, the literacy levels vary between the developed and developing nations. Indeed, the rate of literacy in the developed nations is much higher than in the developing nations. Nevertheless, there is a worldwide mission to eradicate illiteracy in the world.

Racial Discrimination from Police Essay Example for Free

Racial Discrimination from Police Essay Racial discrimination in the United States is as old as America itself. The United States motto deduces that, although America is a single country, it is made up of people of all walks from all the corners of the world, but some as slaves, especially from Africa. The American population is diverse both culturally and racially thus the name Melting Point. Racial discrimination is the act of subordinating an individual due to the color of the skin or race. Discrimination against people of color began long ago while slavery still existed, and it took a Civil War between the Northern and Southern states to end slavery. In history, racist violence, police brutality, has been used to suppress the racial blacks and to preserve power and privileges for the white race. This was done for five primary purposes. First, it has forced black people into slavery or low wage situations. Secondly, to steal land and other resources. A third was to maintain social control. A fourth purpose was to eliminate conflict in politics, social life, and employment. Lastly, the fifth purpose was to unite white people across the ethnic, class, and gender boundaries. It is not really different of what we see nowadays through every day in the street. It is just getting a little bit smoother , cover up by law that a certain category of people make to protect themselves and the ones who as the privilege to use it. Most of the times, they do not been treated as the minority whenever they do the same mistakes by the justice in this country. The following grounds for suspicion of criminality are among the many reasons that African American motorists are pulled over: Driving a luxury automobile (e. . , Lexus, Mercedes, BMW, etc. ), driving in a car with other black men, driving early in the morning or late at night, driving in a low-income neighborhood, known for its drug traffic, driving in a neighborhood where there have been recent burglaries,†¦ Although the above list may in fact be the reason that a prejudice officers attention is obtained, none of the reasons listed can be filed as a probable cause in the police report. I have so many bad exp eriences with the police that I think, it is just getting worst. We all know, minority people, that they use theses bunch of †laws† to still keep us down because they still, and for more of the â€Å"white people† ,think that they are a â€Å"superior race†. One day, I was with my dad driving around a nice neighborhood with some friend to go pick up one our friend to go at the club. It was late around 11 pm that night. From nowhere the police pull us over and start actin really at their defensive. They asked us to get out of the car, after checking if the car has the proper paper (insurance driver license). They asked us what we were doing there and we answered without stress that we are going to pick up a friend of us to go at the club. One of us asked us, straight up on our face, if we were not here for other illegal purpose in the neighborhood. We were still acting cool, at the same moment two others police cars pulled over. We were surprise by the number of units just for 3 people. They start searching us with some brutality and still asking stupid questions. The car also has been check. They brought a K-9 dog to search the car. We did not know what they were looking for and even if they have a warrant on us. After some so long minutes, they let us go. The think that really made us feel that we were inferior was the fact that one of the cars was following us through the neighborhood until we got out. That experience was the most shameful one I ever been into. I really hate cops since this experience. Being a minority and particularly black is not a crime. I totally presume that most of the police are like that. Racial bias and discrimination are existent in the minds of many individuals, some of whom may have, if it is at all possible, a justification for such thoughts. But when it comes to the protection and justice of a society, race should not even be an issue. The criminal justice system of today fuels its flame of democracy with decisions influenced by a certain individuals race and stature in society, and allows these preconceptions to be the basis of such decisions. Whether it is the African American motorist being pulled over with no probable cause, or the racially spurred brutalizing by the police, racism prevails in the world of criminal justice. Most communities that suffer police discrimination and violence have little control of the economy, or political overseers of the police. Typically the people who do have these powers are the richer communities, with primarily white citizens. I do not think the community or even education can do something about it, it is already in their manners and nothing will change it, The only think that could make a minority person close to their tight circle is â€Å"money†.

Comparing the Film and Novel Versions of Sam Hanna Bell’s December Brid

Comparing the Film and Novel Versions of Sam Hanna Bell’s December Bride If the movie based on Sam Hanna Bell’s novel December Bride is considered to be good, it is only because the novel itself is nothing short of great. Having viewed the movie on two separate occasions, some four months apart, this writer found herself to still be somewhat bewildered by a few of the events portrayed. The novel clears the Irish fog swirling around those events creating a much more solidly constructed story. In addition, the characters of Sarah and Frank are developed to a much deeper level. The great leap in years that occurs at the end of the movie is shortened in the novel and in consequence, the story flows more smoothly. Perhaps December Bride would have faired better as a TV mini-series with hours and hours at its disposal rather than being confined to the short span of time allotted the movie. Within the confines of the movie, before the reading of the novel, this writer found the following several elements of the story confusing: who is Fergus and how does he fit in; Sarah’s standing on the hill looking toward her mother’s house seems unfinished; why does the Reverend Sorleyson treat his wife, Victoria, with such distain; what is the significance of the meal in which Hamilton orders Sarah to cook the fish for the Catholic woman; why does Frank voice no objections at the marriage of Sarah and Hamilton? Read on and ye shall uncover the answers. The novel opens in Chapter One revealing the end of the story. Two elderly persons, Sarah and Hamilton, are being married by the young Reverend Isaac Sorleyson in a church that is nestled in a graveyard. People from the surrounding countryside are huddled among the gravestones brac... ...tride, promising to be at the church with Hamilton in the next week thus bequeathing the father’s name on both her children. Notes: [1] Small boat with oars. [2] Bell, Sam Hanna. December Bride. p.22. [3] Bell, Sam Hanna. December Bride. p.27. [4] Bell, Sam Hanna. December Bride. p.48. [5] Bell, Sam Hanna. December Bride. p.48. [6] Bell, Sam Hanna. December Bride. p.41. [7] Bell, Sam Hanna. December Bride. p.44. [8] Bell, Sam Hanna. December Bride. p.125. [9] the residence of a Presbyterian clergyman (15th century) [10] Bell, Sam Hanna. December Bride. p.68. [11] Bell, Sam Hanna. December Bride. p.134. [12] Bell, Sam Hanna. December Bride. p.138. [13] Bell, Sam Hanna. December Bride. p.149. [14] child [15] Bell Sam Hanna. December Bride. p.123. [16] Bell Sam Hanna. December Bride. p.179. [17] Bell Sam Hanna. December Bride. p.289.

Literary Analysis of Bartleby the Scrivener Essay

Bartleby the Scrivener could be described as a story about getting rid of its title character, about the narrator’s attempt to get rid of Bartleby, and Bartleby’s tenacious capacity to be always there. It is the story of an unnamed lawyer and his employee, Bartleby, a copyist of law documents. Confronted not only with Bartleby’s refusal to do work (first to â€Å"read† copies against the original, then to copy altogether), but also with the contagious nature of the particular words of his refusal (Bartleby’s peculiar â€Å"I would prefer not to†), the narrator concludes that, before Bartleby â€Å"turns the tongues† any further of those with whom he comes into contact, he â€Å"must get rid of† Bartleby. At the same time Bartleby feels â€Å"mobbed in his privacy† (27) when the other office workers crowd him behind his screen, they in turn are invaded by his idiosyncrasy – his private idiom â€Å"prefer. † Bartleby’s presence breaks down the clear distinctions between public and private, professional and domestic, between â€Å"privacy† and â€Å"the mob. † By pinpointing Bartleby as the â€Å"cause† of infectious language (language â€Å"turned† bad), the narrator wants to stop the course of a process (the â€Å"turning of tongues†) already in progress. But getting rid of Bartleby is as tricky as getting rid of a chronic condition; the narrator emphasizes a phrase which appears textually in italics: â€Å"he was always there† (20). Bartleby is, as the narrator calls him, a â€Å"nuisance† (40), an â€Å"intolerable incubus. † As a character in the story with a body, he moves very little, but the few words he speaks break out at unexpected moments in the office. Every attempt the narrator makes to control the passive Bartleby and his infectious language fails hilariously (Schehr 97). The narrator experiences a curious tension between the impossible imperative (on the level of the story) to get rid of the subject, and the impossibility (on the level of the narration) to write his complete biography (Bartleby’s â€Å"history†). Thus, Bartleby is also a fable about writing history or biography. In attempting to write what he thinks of as Bartleby’s biography, the narrator merely misnames his writing project, or he emphasizes it from the wrong point of view. In search of Bartleby’s origins, the narrator does not simply narrate (as he thinks) the history of Bartleby the Scrivener; he relates rather the story of his own anxiety vis-a-vis Bartleby. In particular, he relates his anxiety over the scrivener’s silence – and modes of breaking that silence; for we could say that, rather than speaking very little or in particular ways, Bartleby has particular ways of occasionally breaking silence. It is this violence in speech, this unexpected eruption, which the narrator fears. The narrator, whose acquaintances describe him as an â€Å"eminently safe man,† who likes nothing better than the â€Å"cool tranquility of a snug retreat† (4), is thrown decidedly off kilter when faced with what he terms Bartleby’s â€Å"passive resistance† (17). Bartleby’s weapon is his total indifference to truth, whereas the narrator seeks a second opinion on truth from the other office mates. Bartleby could be seen as the one solid block around which the narrator writes his own story about truth rather than the truth about the Bartleby story. Bartleby’s passive resistance actually generates the story — confronted with it, the narrator creates theories (his doctrine of assumptions, for instance), carries on debates with himself, and seeks the counsel of others — all with the opaque Bartleby as the core. In reconstructing Bartleby’s story, the narrator follows an implicit logic which he never directly states. It is the logic of cause and effect. (He is not deliberately hiding this logic, but because he takes its validity for granted, he never comments on it critically. ) Believing in the possibility of finding a specific, locatable, and nameable cause to Bartleby’s condition (as he is able to do with the other office workers, Nippers and Turkey, whose moods vary according to their diets and the time of day), the narrator thinks that by eradicating the cause of the problem, he can alter the effects, the effects of Bartleby’s speaking condition in the office space. McCall follows the same logic as the narrator in seeking causes of Bartleby’s behavior. He mentions remark that when the narrator asks Bartleby to run an errand for him at the post office, â€Å"that is probably the last place, if the rumor is correct, that Bartleby would ever want to go. † (McCall 129). The narrator never considers that his line of reasoning might be faulty — that Bartleby’s condition may not be linked to a specific, locatable, nameable cause. We as readers may be placed in the same position as the narrator in that we never know either the origin of Bartleby’s condition; we witness primarily its effects, or symptoms, in the story. These symptoms reside not only in Bartleby as individual character, but in the very way the narrator tells the story about that character. Rather than speaking about the cause of Bartleby’s condition, one could more aptly speak about the ways in which its effects are spread to other characters within the text. When the narrator impatiently summons Bartleby to join and help the others in the scenario of group reading, Bartleby responds, â€Å"I would prefer not to† (14). Hearing this response the narrator turns â€Å"into a pillar of salt† (14). (Faced with Bartleby’s responses and sheer presence, the narrator oftentimes evokes images of his losing, then waking to, consciousness. ) When he recovers his senses, he tries to reason with Bartleby, who in the meantime has retreated behind his screen. The narrator says: â€Å"These are your own copies we are about to examine. It is labor saving to you, because one examination will answer for your four papers. It is common usage. Every copyist is bound to help examine his copy. Is it not so? Will you not speak? Answer! † (15) The narrator is exasperated when Bartleby does not respond immediately to the logic behind his work ethic. â€Å"These are your own copies we are about to examine. It is labor saving to you. † Examining or reading copy is a money saving activity, from which every member of the office profits (four documents for the price of one reading! ). â€Å"Every copyist is bound to help examine his copy. † To the contract the lawyer emphatically demands from his employee, a bond based on an exchange of reading, Bartleby replies three times, gently, â€Å"in a flutelike tone,† â€Å"I (would) prefer not to† (15). By refusing to read copy, Bartleby refuses to consent to the economy of the office. It is perhaps only to another type of reading, one not based on a system of exchange and profit, which Bartleby consents. Although the narrator says he has never seen Bartleby reading — â€Å"not even a newspaper† (24) — he does often notice him staring outside the window of the office onto a brick wall. Staring at the dead brick wall (in what the narrator calls Bartleby’s â€Å"dead-wall reveries†) may be Bartleby’s only form of reading, taking the place of the economy-based reading demanded of him in the process of verifying copies. About halfway through the story, the lawyer/narrator visits his office on a Sunday morning and, discovering a blanket, soap and towel, a few crumbs of ginger nuts and a morsel of cheese, deduces that the scrivener never leaves the office. Realizing the full impact of Bartleby’s condition, he states, What I saw that morning persuaded me that the scrivener was the victim of innate and incurable disorder. (25) The narrator clearly locates the disorder in Bartleby. Seeing himself in the role of diagnostician and healer, he himself is faced with the â€Å"hopelessness of remedying excessive and organic ill† (24). The narrator’s concern about an individual medical cure should more aptly be a concern about an obsessively private rhetorical debate or a dangerously idiomatic group contagion (Perry 409). Despite his assumption that Bartleby is incurable, or perhaps precisely because he can effect no cure, the narrator beleaguers himself throughout the story with questions or commands to do something about Bartleby (McCall 9). If the private man’s disorder can be passed on to another (one) person, what happens when the condition is let loose out of close quarantine into the public space of the office? Bartleby walks a precarious tightrope between comedy and tragedy (Inge 25). The tragic dimension often resides in the narrator’s turning inward on himself (a sort of tragic compression), then putting himself on trial, an interior moment of accusation which eventually results in the collapse of the narrative in a single sigh or exclamation (â€Å"Ah, Bartleby! Ah, humanity! † 46). The comic effects are often related to the authoritarian attempt (and failure) to contain the spread of idiom as contagion (Perry 412). If Bartleby has been a figure for tragedy in the lone meditation of the narrator, he becomes a figure for comedy in his contact with his office mates Nippers and Turkey. The more the narrator tries to regulate the contact between the three, the more hilarious — and significantly out of control — is Bartleby’s influence. The effort to contain or control tends actually to promote the epidemic proportions of the narrative. It is the narrator himself who uses a vocabulary of contagion in relation to Bartleby. He says he has had â€Å"more than ordinary contact† (3) with other scriveners he has known. Bartleby exceeds this already extraordinary contact – he has been touched by â€Å"handling† dead letters (Schehr 99). Some critics reproduce the narrator’s language of contagion in talking about Bartleby. McCall, in his study on The Silence of Bartleby, describes â€Å"our† response, the collective readers’ response, to reading the tale: As we go through the story, we watch with a certain delight how Bartleby is â€Å"catching. † We root for the spread of the bug. (145) In a somewhat less delighted vein, Borges says, â€Å"Bartleby’s frank nihilism contaminates his companions and even the stolid man who tells Bartleby’s story. † (Borges 8) In the office scenes where the employees and boss come inevitably together, the â€Å"bug† word is Bartleby’s â€Å"prefer. † Nippers uses it mockingly against the narrator as a transitive action verb when he overhears Bartleby’s words of refusal to the narrator’s plea â€Å"to be a little reasonable. † Bartleby echoes, â€Å"At present I would prefer not to be a little reasonable† (26). If Nippers is suffering from his own peculiar and chronic condition of indigestion, he takes on the symptoms of Bartleby’s condition when he exclaims to the narrator, Prefer not, eh?†¦ – I’d prefer him, if I were you sir, I’d prefer him; I’d give him preferences, the stubborn mule! What is it, sir, pray, that he prefers not to do now? (26) Whereas later in the story the narrator totally loses his critical skill to â€Å"catch† himself in his speech, in this exchange he is still able to articulate the effect Bartleby’s â€Å"word† is having on him. He notes anxiously, Somehow, of late, I had got into the way of involuntarily using the word ‘prefer’ upon all sorts of not exactly suitable occasions. (27) It is this qualifier â€Å"not exactly† which is of particular interest. Bartleby’s use of words is â€Å"not exactly† wrong. â€Å"Prefer† is so insidious because it is only slightly askew, dislocated, idiosyncratic. As McCall accurately notes about the power of Bartleby’s â€Å"I prefer not to,† â€Å"one must hear, in the little silence that follows it, how the line delivers two contradictory meanings, obstinacy and politeness. â€Å"(152) The line calls just enough attention to itself so as to attract others to its â€Å"profoundly mixed message† (â€Å"its perfect yes and no†) in an imitative way (McCall 152). â€Å"Prefer† is as inobtrusive, as contagious, and as revolutionary as a sneeze. The narrator lets it out of his mouth involuntarily. When Turkey enters the scene and uses the bug word without realizing it (without Nippers’ italicized parody or the narrator’s critical comments), the narrator says to him, in a â€Å"slightly excited† tone, â€Å"So you have got the word, too† (27). In this pivotal sentence, the verb â€Å"get† implies â€Å"to receive† (as in â€Å"to receive a word or message†), but more strikingly for our discussion here, it implies the verb â€Å"to catch† – one â€Å"catches† the word as one would â€Å"catch† a cold. The narrator attempts to monitor the contagion by naming the bug and pointing it out to the others. But the word mocks everyone’s will to control it â€Å"prefer† pops up six times in the next half a page — four times unconsciously in the speech of one of the employees, and twice consciously (modified by â€Å"word†) in the narration of the lawyer. Bartleby could be described as a story of the intimacy – or anxiety – a lawyer feels for the law-copyist he employs. The narrator arranges a screen in the corner of his office behind which Bartleby may work. Pleased with the arrangement of placing Bartleby behind the screen in near proximity to his own desk, the narrator states, â€Å"Thus, in a manner, privacy and society were conjoined† (12). The narrator idealizes the possibility of a perfect harmony between privacy and community in the work environment, but it is precisely the conflict between these two spatial â€Å"conditions† which generates the story, defining not only Bartleby’s â€Å"idiocy,† but the narrator’s as well. The narrator most characteristically encounters Bartleby â€Å"emerging from his retreat† (13) or â€Å"retiring into his hermitage† (26). The screen isolates Bartleby from the view of the narrator, but not from his voice. Works Cited Borges, Jorge Luis. â€Å"Prologue to Herman Melville’s ‘Bartleby† in Herman Melville’s Billy Budd, â€Å"Benito Cereno,† â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener,† and Other Tales, ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987 Inge, Thomas M. , ed. Bartleby the Inscrutable. Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1979. McCall, Dan. The Silence of Bartleby. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989. Melville, Herman. â€Å"Billy Budd† and Other Stories. New York: Penguin Books, 1986. Perry, Dennis R. â€Å"‘Ah, Humanity’: Compulsion Neuroses in Melville’s Bartleby. † Studies in Short Fiction 23. 4 (fall 1987): 407-415. Schehr, Lawrence R. â€Å"Dead Letters: Theories of Writing in Bartleby the Scrivener† Enclitic vii. l (spring 1983): 96-103.